ashley

My name is Ashley Ghent and I am finishing my associates degree in biological physical science at the end of this semester. I am taking this class because it sound fun and I needed to fill my fine arts requirements.

__**// 10 Art forms: //**__
 * 1. Printmaking ** - This is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers only the process of creating prints with an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic reproduction of a painting.


 * 2. Carving ** - The cutting of material such to form a figure or design to create a desired shape. The figures or designs are usually in three dimensions and are used with softer ("plastic") materials can also be used, such as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metalsor they may be assembled such as by welding, hardened such as by firing, or molded or cast.The materials used in carving are various, changing throughout history. Artist that use the carving techniques generally sought to produce works of art that are as permanent as possible, working in durable and frequently expensive materials such as bronze and stones like marble, limestone, porphyry, and granite. More rarely, precious materials such as gold, silver, jade, and ivory were used for chryselephantine works. More common and less expensive materials were used for sculpture for wider consumption, including glass, hardwoods (such as oak, box/boxwood, and lime/linden); mud/ earth and other ceramics, and cast metals such as pewter and zinc.


 * 3. Collage ** - A work of formal art, primarily in the visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms, creating a new whole image.A collage may sometimes include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or hand-made papers, portions of other artwork or texts, photographs and other found objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas. The origins of collage can be traced back hundreds of years, but this technique made a dramatic reappearance in the early 20th century as an art form of novelty.The term collage derives from the French "colle" meaning "glue".This term was coined by both Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in the beginning of the 20th century when collage became a distinctive part of modern art.


 * 4. Screen printing ** - is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas.Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a design is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing surface. It is also known as silkscreen, serigraphy, and serigraph printing.


 * 5. Conceptual Art ** – means art where the idea or concept is more important than the seen image. Conceptual art is usually abstracted or performance art. Conceptual Art uses elements to suggest deeper thoughts to trigger thoughts in the viewer rather than appreciation of skilled imagery. Most artworks have a conceptual side to it as most art works make the audience think about a concept. Tribal Art is strongly conceptual so is most modern and Post Modern art.


 * 6. Aquatint ** - A technique used in [|__Intaglio__] etchings. Like etching, aquatint technique involves the application of acid to make marks in a metal plate. Where the etching technique uses a needle to make lines that retain ink, aquatint relies on powdered [|__rosin__] which is acid resistant in the ground to create a tonal effect. The rosin is applied in a light dusting by a fan booththen cooked until set on the plate. At this time the rosin can be burnished or scratched out to affect its tonal qualities. The tonal variation is controlled by the level of acid exposure over large areas, and thus the image is shaped by large sections at a time.


 * 7. Mezzotint ** - A variety of different engravings in which the image is formed from delicatetones of light and dark shades. Mezzotint—from the Italian mezzo ("half") and tinta ("tone")--is a "dark manner" form of printmaking, which requires artists to work from dark to light. To create a mezzotint, the surface of a copper printing plate is roughened evenly all over with the aid of a tool known as a rocker; the image is then formed by smoothing the surface with a tool known as a burnisher. When inked, the roughened areas of the plate will hold more ink and print more darkly, while smoother areas of the plate hold less or no ink, and will print more lightly or not at all. It is, however, possible to create the image by only roughening the plate selectively, so working from light to dark.Mezzotint is known for the luxurious quality of its tones: first, because an evenly, finely roughened surface holds a lot of ink, allowing deep solid colors to be printed; secondly because the process of smoothing the texture with burin, burnisher and scraper allows fine gradations in tone to be developed.The mezzotint printmaking method was invented by Ludwig von Siegen (1609–1680). The process was used widely in England from the mid-eighteenth century, to reproduce oil paintings and portraits.


 * 8. Lithography ** - Originally used an image drawn (etched) into a coating of wax or an oily substance applied to a plate of lithographic stone as the medium to transfer ink to a blank paper sheet, and so produce a printed page. In modern lithography, the image is made of a polymer coating applied to a flexible aluminum plate. To print an image lithographically, the flat surface of the stone plate is roughened slightly—etched—and divided into hydrophilic regions that accept a film of water, and thereby repel the greasy ink; and hydrophobic regions that repel water and accept ink because the surface tension is greater on the greasy image area,which remains dry. The image can be printed directly from the stone plate (the orientation of the image is reversed), or it can be offset, by transferring the image onto a flexible sheet (rubber) for printing and publication.


 * 9. Theatre ** - A collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music or dance. Elements of design and stagecraft are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience.[2] The specific place of the performance is also named by the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek.Theatre today includes performances of plays and musicalsand can be defined broadly to include opera and ballet.


 * 10. Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) - ** is a full contact combat sport that allows the use of both striking and grappling techniques, both standing and on the ground, including boxing, wrestling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, muay Thai, kickboxing, taekwondo, karate, judo and other styles.The roots of modern mixed martial arts can be traced back to the ancient Olympics where one of the earliest well documented systems of codified full range unarmed combat was utilized in the sport of Pankration. Various mixed style contests also took place throughout Europe, Japan and the Pacific Rim during the early 1900s. The combat sport of Vale Tudo that had developed in Brazil from the 1920s was brought to the United States by the Gracie family in 1993 with the founding of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), which is currently the largest MMA promotion company worldwide.[1] Prior to the UFC, professional MMA events had also been held in Japan by Shooto since 1989.In due course, the more dangerous Vale Tudo style bouts of the early UFCs were made safer with the implementation of additional rules, leading to the popular regulated form of MMA seen today. Originally promoted as a competition with the intention of finding the most effective martial arts for real unarmed combat situations, competitors were pitted against one another with minimal rules. Later, fighters employed multiple martial arts into their style while promoters adopted additional rules aimed at increasing safety for competitors and to promote mainstream acceptance of the sport.

1. Maureen Lucía Booth, originally from Manchester, U.K., has lived more than half her life in Granada. Over the years she has identified so much with Granada and the Iberian light and lifestyle that she took Spanish nationality. "When they ask me if I'm English or Spanish I always say both," says Maureen, "though the truth is I identify more with the Spanish..."
 * //__10 Artist:__//**

Although she began painting in England, it was in Granada where she was formed as an artist, and where she widened her scope of activities to include etching, silk screen, lino cuts and sculpture. In 1980 she was selected to work in the Etching Workshop of the Fundación Rodríguez-Acosta in Granada, an experience which turned out to be fundamental in her later development.

"I started out painting in oils and watercolors," says Maureen, "and I might never have done anything else had it not been for my experience in the Fundación Rodríguez-Acosta. Not only did I learn etching, but it opened my eyes to all the artistic activity going on around me. Those years in that wonderful workshop, intensely dedicated to etching and surrounded by other working artists, represent the most intensive growth period in my artistic life, and for that I am eternally grateful both to Pepe Lomas, the //maestro// of virtually all the Granada etchers of the past two decades, and to Miguel Rodríguez-Acosta, who made it all possible."

Over the years Maureen has edited portfolios of work both in etching and silkscreen. Her most recent production (11/99) is "Mis dulces miércoles," ("My Sweet Wednesdays") a portfolio of eight etchings based on eight classic desserts with accompanying receipes. The portfolio was edited, and the text written by Mararo Moreno, with the proceeds going to the Spanish Cancer Fund.

Over her 30-year career Maureen has exhibited all over the world and participated in innumerable art fairs and workshops, one of the most interesting of these being the "Open Workshop" at the National Museum in Belgrade. Her favorite fair is //Estampa//, Madrid's annual printmaking fair where she was one of the founding exhibitors in 1993. Today she works in her own studio located in a village at the foot of Granada's Sierra Nevada.

Maureen Booth’s pictures are very colorful and indeed eye catching but it is also noticeable that she has simple designs that give the art work a lot of attractiveness.I like how she uses original ideas and that usually appears basic it still has a lot of beauty and mystery in her art. She has also aquired some spanish backgrounds that make her a unique artist as well. [] []

2. Strikeforce welterweight champion Nick Diaz cultivates an image of a street fighter, but in the video below from Fight Magazine he explains that he's actually been a student of traditional martial arts since he was a small child.

"I did aikido when I was four years old," Diaz says. "My first experience of doing martial arts was weird, real traditional, strange smell with incense burning. We did a lot of bowing, it was a lot of path of least resistance and go with the flow. ... Really good stuff for when you're at a young age." Diaz credits his coach, Cesar Gracie, for showing him that the sport of mixed martial arts should be approached studiously.

"You can actually learn how to fight," Diaz says. "It's not just about being tough." Diaz has learned well. Most people do not view MMA as an art it still has technique and needed grace moves to become professional and with this all tied together I think it can easily qualify as skilled art.

This artist stood out to me because of his unique ablilty to apear as a street fighter rather than the common taekwondo, karate and boxing styles. Another thing that caught my attention is how this artist was inspired since he was four years old; thats a younge age for a person to find their dreams in life. []

3. “Cats,” Jan. 25 to 27, 2011. Composer Andrew Lloyd Webber takes the poetry of T.S. Eliot’s “Old Possum’s Book Of Practical Cats” and spins a musical. Colorful cat characters celebrate and clash at the annual Jellicle Ball. By evening’s end, one cat will be the chosen one. Andrew Lloyd Webber has been a theatre owner since acquiring the Palace Theatre in 1983 and now owns seven London theatres. Really Useful Group Theatres is one of the largest theatre groups in London after being formed from Really Useful Theatres and the old Stoll Moss group and own, arguably, the most famous theatres in the world.

I like how this artist became so well known and famous in broadway during his time. Some people even agree that he is the most successful composer of our time. I also find that is musicals are filled with dramatic secenes and passion. [] []

4. Alois Senefelder, who accidentally discovered that he could duplicate his scripts by writing them in greasy crayon on slabs of limestone and then printing them with rolled-on ink. Because the local limestone retained so relentlessly any crayon marks applied to its surface, even after repeated inking and printing, lithographs (so called from the Latin for stone, //litho//, and mark, //graph//) could be printed in almost unlimited quantities. He joined with the André family of music publishers and gradually brought his technique into a workable form, perfecting both the chemical processes and the special form of printing press required for using the stones. He called it "stone printing" or "chemical printing", but the French name "lithography" became more widely adopted. And with the composer Franz Gleißner he started a publishing firm in 1796 using lithography.[2home]

I find it amazing how this hard working artist tried to support his family and his life by trying to make a musical and accidently came across a new style of art. He grew up poor and still was able to find a creative way to make a living and not only surive but become well known. I was kind of hard to dipect what certain style of art he was trying to convey because of the large varities he created but it is very obvious that he was very detailed in all of his arts. [] []

5. Craig McPherson was honored with a retrospective of his mezzotint engravings in 1998 at The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge University, England. The exhibition, Darkness into Light: Craig McPherson and the Art of Mezzotint, was accompanied by an 80-page illustrated catalogue of his work, including a detailed technical analysis of each major print. The exhibition traveled to The Hunterian Museum in Glasgow, Scotland, and was shown at the Mary Ryan Gallery in New York.

During the late 70's and early 80's McPherson concentrated on New York City landscapes, primarily at night, creating a series of paintings and prints in the rare graphic medium of mezzotint. This includes the iconic image, "Yankee Stadium at Night." His work has been described as "cinematic," the night scenes likened to film noir. One curator, describing work from this period, wrote "McPherson is almost literally 'sculpting with light'." In 1983, McPherson had his first one-man exhibition at the A.M. Sachs Gallery on 57th Street in New York, where The New York Times critic Grace Glueck likened his paintings to those of the 17th Century Dutch master, Koninck.

I view Craig McPherson's art to have a darker side to his art. He uses alot of black, white, gray and darker pastels in his art forms. I think he is trying to show that he is not viewing life as evil but with a little slight mystry. [] []

6.

__//**Native American Art:**//__

There is alot of controversy over what should be labled as Native American Art. Some artist believe that the individual who creates the art needs to be a certain percentage of Indian with a knowagable background of their culture, on the other hand other artist think that it should not matter were the person came from as long as they can express their art freely.The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 defines "Native American" as being enrolled in either federally recognized tribes or state recognized tribes or "an individual certified as an Indian artisan by an Indian Tribe."[1home] This does not include non-Native American artists using Native American themes. Additions to the list need to reference a recognized, documented source and specifically name tribal affiliation according to federal and state lists. I feel that Native American Art should be expressed how the artist wants to potrays their art. Some Native Americans create art and its not always the sterio-typed art with beads, feathers and paint and other times it may be the more known beaded art. While other non native artitst sometimes create art that may apear to look like the typical Native American art style and they do not have an ounce of Native American blood or a history lesson. So ultimately, I agree with the free art believers and agree that a person should be inspired to create what they feel is art and should not be limited by restrictions of how they want to expression their emotions. []